According to Flavius Josephus: "...the entire body of the people of Israel remained in that country; wherefore there are but two tribes in Asia and Europe subject to the Romans, while the ten tribes are beyond Euphrates till now, and are an immense multitude, and not to be estimated by numbers." -Antiquities of the Jews (Book X Ch.9)
Josephus makes a semi-veiled reference to the Ten Tribes of Israel being located in Parthian territory, Rome's arch rival across the Euphrates River, their de facto border. He didn't need to say "Parthia". Everyone during his time knew what he was referring to in the same way people living in Colorado today wouldn't need a description of what is "east of the Mississippi River" or what is "south of the Rio Grande". Yet, for those who understand the extreme fluidity of the Parthian region, it begs the question: "Who are the Parthians today?" ...or rather: "Where did Parthian and Saka-Scythian-related peoples go in later centuries?"
Because of numerous circumstances that led up to and followed the collapse of the Parthian Empire in the 3rd Century CE, we believe most of the evidence indicates some of their descendant population remained in Asia, but much of it (and closely related groups surrounding Parthia) expanded into Europe and deeper into India during the time period known as the Great Migration Period. For more evidence, see: Israelite Haplogroup (DNA) Hypotheses.Read more of Josephus and his quotes.
