Things to consider first:
The hypotheses below will be modified with time as the many points receive criticism from various fields of study. Also, the haplogroup letter designations may change periodically by Population Geneticists as their understanding of the data grows and changes.
Population genetics is a field that is extremely theoretical and mathematical. Theoretical mathematicians are constrained (completely) by their axioms (assumptions), upon which they choose to build their work. The entire field of population genetics was developed by a small, tightly knit group of people who were utterly and radically committed to the Primary Axiom. Today, it is still a very small field, still exclusively populated by "true believers" in the Primary Axiom. These people are extremely intelligent, but are totally and unconditionally bound to the Primary Axiom. For the most part, other biologists do not even understand their work - but accept their conclusions "by faith". Yet it is these same population geneticists themselves who have exposed some of the most profound limitations of natural selection. - John C. Sanford. Genetic Entropy & The Mystery of the Genome, pg.46
Use the following visual aids when needed: FamilyTreeDNA's Haplogroup Migration Map and Haplogroup Map of the World.
- If the Hebrew Scriptures can be trusted, there should be evidence of a world-wide flood event (see Scientific Evidence for a Worldwide Flood). It has been postulated that mankind survived a bottleneck in the semi-recent past, and though the Scientific Establishment doesn't attribute this bottleneck to the Great Flood recorded in the Scriptures (Genesis 6), we should be able to trust the world-wide flood event as a historical reality, NOT as a partial fact and NOT as a myth (see Can the Bible be trusted as an instrument of History?).
- If there was a world-wide flood as described by the scriptures, all of humanity presently on Earth are descended from Noah's three sons (Shem, Ham, and Japheth) and their three wives, thus, all males today can trace their Y-chromosomal DNA back to Noah, while the Mitochondrial DNA introduced by the four women of the group was not constricted at Noah in the same way as with the Y-chromosome of the men, hence women can claim some genetic origin that bypassed Noah, unlike men (this may partially explain why Mitochondrial Eve has been dated more than twice as old as Y Chromosomal Adam).
- If the Biblical world-wide flood occurred, then the hypothesized Y-chromosomal Adam is actually the Y-Chromosomal Noah.
- If Radiometric and radiocarbon (Carbon-14) dating is not reliable, then the official haplogroup origination estimations (i.e. tens of thousands of years ago) should be considered with keen scrutiny and/or rejected outright.
Finding Northern Kingdom Israelites by Identifying the Haplogroups of Modern Descendants of Parthian-Saka-Scythian-related Peoples
- If the Creator of the Universe is NOT a liar, then His promise of a "multitude of nations" to Abraham (Genesis 17:5) and the "fullness of the nations" to Ephraim (Genesis 48:19) should be observable in the modern world and even discernible by their DNA.
If the divine promises of multitudes can be seen manifest in the modern world, then the Promiser must have favored, protected, and sustained the birth rate variable of the exponential population growth equation, driving the increase of peoples descending from specific ancient persons (i.e. Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, and Ephraim) while allowing other peoples to be assimilated, supplanted, or completely eliminated (Deuteronomy 33:17). See Exponential Human Population Growth and the Genghis Khan Effect.
- If the 1st Century account of Josephus is accurate regarding the Ten Tribes of Israel having grown to an immense multitude east of the Euphrates River in the Caucasus and Central Asia regions (nearly 800 years after the Assyrian dispersion and captivity), then large portions of their population should have been represented by Parthian-Indo-Saka-Scythic peoples who just so happened to be the dominant population east of the Euphrates at that time (not including the subjugated Persian and Mede population).
- If Josephus was not referring to the Saka-Parthian population as being Israelite in nature, we must then consider other possibilities... of which none have been proposed or suggested to this author in any compelling format. If he wasn't referring to Parthia, it would seem apparent that Josephus would speak more specific about the actual people representing the ten tribes of Israel, noting all of his readers' certain confusion with his statement's implication of Parthia. Even so, he doesn't clarify his statement. He speaks vaguely yet unmistakably and unafraid of the ramifications, which surely must have been many considering his Roman employment and the Roman animosity toward the only great "other" in the world at that time (that is, the formidable Parthian Empire).
- If we can trace modern ethnic groups (using solid traditional and historical evidence) back to Parthian-Indo-Saka-Scythic peoples, we should then be able to test and compare the haplogroup frequencies within those specific ethnic groups in order to determine Israelite, or more specifically, Ephraimite Y-chromosomal haplogroups. Furthermore, we should then be able to transpose those findings onto closely related populations with the same or similar haplogroup frequencies who may not have solid historical connections (or may only have speculative connections) to Parthian-Indo-Saka-Scythic peoples, hence confirming their shared Israelite-ish origins.
If the Great Migration Period (starting roughly in the 3rd Century CE and continuing in earnest for several hundred years) carried the descendants of variously related Parthian and Scythian clans into what has become European and Russian nation-states, then Israelite descendants should be found partially or wholly representative in genetically discernible populations of all parts of Europe and Russia, as well as in many populations left behind in the Caucasus and Central Asian regions where Josephus indicated they first grew to be an innumerable multitude. The population frequencies of Y-Haplogroups R, Q, and N seem to confirm the above possibilities (click the migration map to the right to enlarge). It should also be noted that the Indian sub-continent has a large Y-Hap R population today and was once ruled by ancient Indo-European peoples, namely Scyths and Yuezhi/Kushans.
- If the Great Migration Period was ignited partially by rapidly expanding human populations in the Caucasus region and Central Asia, we may have reason to believe such expansion was due in whole or in part to the exponential population growth of the Israelite populations evidentially present in those locations for the previous 900 years (albeit, not known by the name "Israel"). The Prophet Hosea indicates Northern Kingdom Israelites would become as numerous as the "sand on the sea shore" after their captivity where they ceased to be "a people" (Hosea 1:9-11).
If the Roman wars with Parthia and her Saka-Scythian allies helped bring the demise of the Parthian Empire leading up to the 3rd Century CE, then it may explain some of the hostilities toward Rome by peoples migrating from out of lands near and/or in former Parthian or Parthian-friendly territory within the same century of that specific demise (i.e. the Vandals, Visigoths, and Ostrogoths). Of course, climate pressures and population growth pressures (most notably the aggressive Hunic migration) were likely the greater culprits of the explosive and cascading human migratory period into Europe. Note: some Greek historians believed the Hun were also of Scythic-stock or Royal Scythians.
- The Southern Israelite kingdom of Judah has continued as "Jewish" in all their dispersions. They are unmistakably remembered as Israelites. But if the words of the Prophet Hosea are accurate regarding the Northern Kingdom Israelite tribes becoming "not a people" (Hosea 1:9-11), then they should be expected to no longer be known by the name "Israel" in their separate dispersion.
- If Israelites settled with Phoenicians (by way of the Mediterranean Sea) in Punic Iberia (Spain), Hibernia (Ireland), and Britannia (England) before and after the reigns of King David and Solomon (1037-931 BC), then we should expect the y-Chromosome founders of those populations to resemble suspected Israelite Scythian-related peoples migrating into Europe by way of the European mainland hundreds and many hundreds of years later (alluding most notably to y-Haplogroup R and subclades which make up the bulk of the European male population).
Do you want to find out your Genetic Haplogroup?
Get tested by FamilyTreeDNA. All it takes is a cheek swab. No blood taken.
Y-Chromosomal Haplogroup Comparison Chart
Listed below are notable ethnic groups by Y-DNA haplogroups based on numerous relevant studies.
Notation: "Hg" is short for "Haplogroup" (What is a Haplogroup?). "CMH" is short for "Cohen Modal Haplotype". "SOE" is short for "Saka-Scythic Origin Evidence".
| Joseph and his Companions??? (Ezekiel 37:16) | |||||||||
| Nation/People | Hg.R | Hg.I | Hg.E | Hg.J | Hg.G | Hg.N | Hg.Q | CMH | SOE |
| Abkhazians | 33%(R1a) | 33% | ~ | 25% | 0% | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Azerbaijanis | 11%(R1b)/7%(R1a) | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Georgians | 14%(R1b)/8%(R1a) | ~ | 0% | ~ | 31% | ~ | ~ | ~ | strong |
| Ishkashimi | 68%(R1a) | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | strong |
| Tajiks | 64%(R1a) | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | strong |
| Kyrgyz | 2%(R1b)/64%(R1a) | 2% | 0% | 5% | ~ | 2% | ~ | ~ | strong |
| Altaians (North) | 6%(R1b)/38%(R1a) | 0% | 0% | 2% | 0% | 10% | ~ | ~ | strong |
| Altaians (South) | 1%(R1b)/53%(R1a) | 2% | 1% | 4% | ~ | 12% | ~ | ~ | strong |
| Kazakhs | 6%(R1b)/4%(R1a) | 0% | 0% | 0% | ~ | 2% | ~ | ~ | strong |
| Chuvashes | 4%(R1b)/32%(R1a) | 11% | ~ | ~ | ~ | 28% | ~ | ~ | strong |
| Ossetians | 43%(R1b)/2%(R1a) | ~ | ~ | ~ | <55% | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Tatars | 9%(R1b)/34%(R1a) | 4% | ~ | ~ | ~ | 23% | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Turkmens | 37%(R1b)/7%(R1a) | 0% | 0% | 24% | ~ | 10% | 12% | ~ | strong |
| Turks | 16%(R1b)/7%(R1a) | 5% | 11% | 34% | 11% | 4% | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Uzbekistan | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | 12% | ~ | strong |
| Kets | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | 95% | ~ | strong |
| Selkups | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | 70% | ~ | strong |
| Nation/People | Hg.R | Hg.I | Hg.E | Hg.J | Hg.G | Hg.N | Hg.Q | CMH | SOE |
| Evenks | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | 24% | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Khakassians | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | 34% | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Buryats | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | 18% | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Koryaks | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | 25% | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Sakha (Yakuts) | 2%(R1b)/2%(R1a) | 1% | ~ | ~ | ~ | 88% | ~ | ~ | strong |
| Tofalars | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | 80% | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Shors | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Mongolians | 9%(R1a) | 0% | ~ | 3% | 1% | 8% | 4% | ~ | ~ |
| Hazara | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | strong |
| Pashtun | 4%(R1b)/45%(R1a) | 0% | 2% | 6% | 11% | 0% | ~ | ~ | strong |
| Kashmiri | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | strong |
| Brahman | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Nation/People | Hg.R | Hg.I | Hg.E | Hg.J | Hg.G | Hg.N | Hg.Q | CMH | SOE |
| Macedon. Romani | 2%(R1b)/2%(R1a) | 3% | 30% | 2% | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Macedonians | 5%(R1b)/15%(R1a) | 29% | 24% | 6% | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Romanians | 18%(R1b)/20%(R1a) | 22% | 21% | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Poles | 16%(R1b)/56%(R1a) | 18% | 4% | 1% | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | strong |
| Germans | 48%(R1b)/8%(R1a) | 0% | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Sorbs | 64%(R1a) | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | strong |
| Serbs | 11%(R1b)/16%(R1a) | 29% | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Hungarians | 13%(R1b)/20%(R1a) | 23% | 9% | 2% | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | strong |
| Norwegians | 26%(R1b)/18%(R1a) | 40% | 2% | ~ | ~ | 4% | 4% | ~ | strong |
| Saami | 4%(R1b)/11%(R1a) | 31% | ~ | ~ | ~ | 47% | ~ | ~ | strong |
| Saami (Sweden) | 8%(R1b)/16%(R1a) | 32% | 0% | 0% | 0% | ~ | ~ | ~ | strong |
| Swedes (North) | 23%(R1b)/19%(R1a) | 26% | ~ | ~ | ~ | 8% | ~ | ~ | strong |
| Swedes | 14%(R1b)/24%(R1a) | 39% | ~ | ~ | ~ | 14% | ~ | ~ | strong |
| Finns | 2%(R1b)/9%(R1a) | 29% | 2% | ~ | ~ | 62% | ~ | ~ | strong |
| Komi | 16%(R1b)/33%(R1a) | 5% | ~ | ~ | ~ | 35% | ~ | ~ | strong |
| Mari | 3%(R1b)/48%(R1a) | 8% | ~ | ~ | ~ | 41% | ~ | ~ | strong |
| Russians (North) | 6%(R1b)/33%(R1a) | 15% | 1% | 2% | 1% | 41% | ~ | ~ | strong |
| Russians (Central) | 7%(R1b)/47%(R1a) | 17% | 5% | 3% | 0% | 17% | ~ | ~ | strong |
| Ukrainians | 2%(R1b)/54%(R1a) | 22% | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | strong |
| Dutch | 70%(R1b)/4%(R1a) | 27% | ~ | 0% | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Netherlands | 70%(R1) | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Nation/People | Hg.R | Hg.I | Hg.E | Hg.J | Hg.G | Hg.N | Hg.Q | CMH | SOE |
| Icelanders | 41%(R1b)/24%(R1a) | 34% | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Orcadians | 66%(R1b)/20%(R1a) | ~ | 0% | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| English | 90%(R1b) | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | mild |
| English (SE) | 70%(R1b) | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | mild |
| Irish | 81%(R1b)/.5%(R1a) | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Irish (NW) | 98%(R1b) | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Welsh | 89%(R1b)/1%(R1a) | 8% | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | mild |
| Scots | 77%(R1b)/7%(R1a) | 11% | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | mild |
| Swiss | ~ | 8% | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Italians | 62%(R1b)/3%(R1a) | 8% | ~ | ~ | 10% | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Italians (Apulia) | ~ | 3% | 12% | 3% | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Italians (Calabria) | 32%(R1b) | 5% | 16% | 2% | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Italians (N.Central) | 62%(R1b) | .5% | 10% | 10% | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Italians (Sardinia) | 22%(R1b) | 42% | 5% | 12% | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Italians (Sicily) | ~ | 9% | 14% | 0% | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Italians (South) | ~ | ~ | 11% | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Basque | 88%(R1b)/0%(R1a) | 8% | 2% | 3% | 0% | 0% | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| French | 52%(R1b)/0%(R1a) | 17% | 5% | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Spanish | 68%(R1b)/2%(R1a) | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Andalusians | 65%(R1b)/0%(R1a) | 4% | 3% | 1% | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Portuguese (N) | 62%(R1b)/0%(R1a) | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Portuguese (S) | 56%(R1b)/2%(R1a) | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Judah and his Companions??? (Ezekiel 37:16) | |||||||||
| Nation/People | Hg.R | Hg.I | Hg.E | Hg.J | Hg.G | Hg.N | Hg.Q | CMH | SOE |
| Askenazi Cohanim | ~ | ~ | ~ | 87% | ~ | ~ | ~ | 45% | n/a |
| Separdic Cohanim | ~ | ~ | ~ | 75% | ~ | ~ | ~ | 56% | n/a |
| Askenazi Jews | 10%(R1b)/12%(R1a) | 4% | 21% | 37% | ~ | ~ | 5% | 13% | n/a |
| Sephardic Jews | 30%(R1b)/4%(R1a) | 12% | 19% | 28% | 10% | ~ | ~ | 10% | n/a |
| Lemba | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | <10% | n/a |
| Kurdish Jews | 20%(R1b)/4%(R1a) | ~ | 12% | 37% | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | n/a |
| Kurdish Muslims | 17%(R1b)/12%(R1a) | ~ | 7% | 40% | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | n/a |
| Yemeni Jews | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | n/a |
| Yemeni Muslims | 0%(R1b)/0%(R1a) | 0% | 16% | 82% | 2% | 0% | ~ | ~ | n/a |
| Palestinians | 8%(R1b)/1%(R1a) | 6% | 20% | 55% | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | n/a |
| Bedouin | 0%(R1b)/9%(R1a) | 6% | 19% | 66% | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | n/a |
| Copts (A. Egyptian) | 15%(R1b) | ~ | 21% | 46% | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ | n/a |
Sources:
- Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic groups - Wikipedia
- Y-Chromosomal Aaron - Wikipedia
- Y-DNA Papers - FamilyTreeDNA
Random Questions and Difficulties
- The Ishmael / Esau (Arab) Question: Both had the Y-DNA of Abraham (as did Jacob). What are the Y-DNA frequencies of those who consider themselves to be "Arab"? Could the ancient and continued presence of the once captive Kingdom of Judah within Babylonia skew the understanding of the current haplogroup frequency in the Middle East? In other words, could there be Y-DNA descendants of the ancient Jewish Kingdom (Judah, Benjamin, and Levi) in modern day Iraq who consider themselves Arab?
- Some think the Turks are descended from Esau. Kurds have legends of being Israelite from the Assyrian captivity. But what is the Y-DNA frequency of Kurdish and Turkish populations?
Shalom,
I recently had my DNA checked and am confirmed as an I1 from my father and an X from my mother. I1 seems to be most dominant in in Denmark with some in Britain, probably from the invasion. My mother's X seems to come from her grandmother who was said to be Cherokee Indian.
Just curious if you might add anything to this or direct me to a relevant article on your site or another site.
I had a dream a few years ago, wherein I was shown that my ancestors had come from Israel into the British Isles. My first impression was that I was of Dan. But, really, I'm totally unsure.
Thanks for any of your thoughts,
Tracy Phillip Osborne
As you may already know, there is a very close connection between y-Haplogroup I and J. And J has a very large representation amongst Jews and other Mediterranean peoples. What many historians fail to remember is that a large population of the Southern Kingdom of Judah was taken captive by the Assyrians too. There is usually such large emphasis on the Northern Kingdom tribes (10-Israel), that this is overlooked. Basically, what this means is that the DNA of Judah should be represented in some form within the migrating populations of 10-Israel out of Central Asia and the Caucasus... and I think Hg. I is the primary group that does just that. I could be wrong on this suspicion, but that is my current "belief".
You mentioned Denmark. Isn't it interesting that Denmark is known in German as "Jutland". T and D are very similar sounding and the name could just as easily be rendered as Judland or Yudland (Yud- the shortened form of Yudah or Yehudah).
Of course, the Tribe of Dan's name is most apparent and his descendants may have indeed settled there or migrated through the region. Danites were notorious for leaving residue of the name Dan all over their migration paths... even those made by sea.
There is a rather long study produced by the Christian Churches of God that is fairly broad and well done, but has an alternative view in regards to the larger Ephraimite population... but there is agreement that Haplogroup I is Semitic. It is titled: The Genetic Origin of the Nations.
mt-Haplogroup X has a very interesting migration path because it closely follows my y-Haplogroup Q. Q is known primarily within Native American populations, but there are very small residual populations found all over the world, even within traditional Jewish populations (although they seem to have a very hyper-exclusive and protected haplotype which I find silly in the grand scheme of things). Regardless of that rabbit trail, X certainly has a very close relationship to the male populations of Q and as noted above in this article, there is an apparent connection to Ephraim (10-Israel).
So what sub-clade of X are you?
Thank you for sharing your results!
Kind regards,
Hanok
Shalom Hanok,
I was curious about my family so I had my DNA done by Family Tree. I am R1b1b2 and I traced my family to Carlow Co. Ireland.
My mother is Scottish and is in HG I. I have no way to get DNA from the male side of my mothers family.
I know they nicknamed HG I, Iris. Can you tell me anything about the probabilities that I am part of the Tribe of Dan? I have read that they settled in Ireland.
Also, Family Tree said I am traceable to "Neill of the Nine Hostages." Some Irish King. Do you know anything about this mans heritage?
Thank you brother.
David
Hi Mikko,
Another person recently emailed me in regards to the chart being out of date and/or needing additions. I'm planning to update it extensively soon.
Shalom David,
I've read many two-house authors who advocate an Irish-Dan connection (as well as an Irish-Judah-Zerah connection)... and I don't want to flat out disagree with those conclusions... because some of Dan's and/or Judah's descendants may have settled there originally. The problem with making a genetic link is the reality that another Y-Chromosome population pushed aside (i.e., murdered and/or outbred) the original founding population. Bryan Sykes illustrates that reality in his book 'Saxons, Vikings, and Celts' (I believe Sykes is also the one who coined Hg. I as "Iris", in "The Seven Daughters of Eve"). There is a prophecy that indicates Ephraim would push other peoples to the ends of the earth, and I believe that is indeed what his descendents did by various means. In my view, y-Hg. R (and possibly others) represents Ephraim's Y-Chromosome and it is possible they have drowned out even other male Israelite populations (this phenomenon is sometimes called the Genghis Khan effect). "Niall of the Nine Hostages", like Genghis Khan, established a family dynasty that lasted for several hundred years, and his descendants basically outbred their peers via war, rape, and having many wives (beyond having an unusually high birthrate compared to other populations).
Niall is listed with the High Kings of Ireland, of whom some two-house authors have suggested are linked to the lost line of Zerah, son of Judah (the main House of Kings (from David) came through Judah's son Phares). It is believe Zerah's descendants never enjoyed the Land of Israel, but departed the camp very early during their time in Egypt. I know Zarragossa, Iberia (Spain) is named after him... or so it is suggested. His descendants assumedly spread from Iberia to Hibernia (Ireland). Then, much later, it is believed that Jeremiah's scribe Baruch brought a daughter of the Phares line to Ireland, reuniting the Zerah/Phares lines. I'm remembering this mostly from Collins and/or Brooks... where this subject is covered.
So this basically means you may have various ancestors from more than one tribe, but which tribe you're ultimately attributed to (as a male) in the future Kingdom of Messiah, of this I have much reluctance in suggesting. However, I'm not afraid of claiming a close connection to the House of Joseph, where the Tribe of Dan is a close "companion" according to Ezekiel 37.
Take care brother... I apologize for the slow response.
Hanok
Recently I received results of further Y-DNA testing and am confirmed R1b1b2a1a2f R-L21. My ancestors migrated from Gloucestershire, England to Isle of Wight, Virginia just prior to 1656. My mothers family are Burns from Glenbervie, Scotland. According to some sites I have visited, I share DNA with a large majority of males from western Ireland as well as smaller groups from Wales, Scotland, England, and northern France. From what I have gathered my paternal side is Briton. This is quite amazing to me. I have always had a love for Israel and Judah. During my time in the Navy I was able to visit Haifa, Jerusalem and other places. It will always be the highlight of my life.
I believe you are onto something here with the R Haplogroup Hypotheses, which makes more sense to me from a biblical and true historical standpoint. Keep up the good work.
Hi Ronald,
Thank you for posting an update after receiving your results. It is an exciting endeavor to find out where we're connected in the big tree.
I believe there are other 10-Israel-related haplogroups... other than yHg. R, but that one specifically seems most compelling to me thus far. Its prevalence in most all Indo-European populations is striking proof that Yah meant what He said regarding Ephraim becoming the "fulness of the peoples".
There is actually a very large R1a population in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India... and isn't it interesting that Britain (largely R1b) recently controlled that region? So both are actually brothers from a common ancestor... in my estimation... from about 3,000 years ago. Some of the physical appearance differences are likely more due to epigenetic processes than actual DNA/ancestral differences.
Thanks again for your comment, Ronald.