Did all of 10-Israel go into Assyrian Captivity?

No, a remnant of 10-Israel escaped the deportations of Assyria and some of that remnant assimilated into the population of the Southern Kingdom of Judah and some assimilated into the population that Assyria moved into the Land from other conquered regions of their empire (the later group became known as the Samaritans by the time of Yeshua/Jesus).

The author Steve M. Collins also has many compelling theories w/ evidence regarding those Israelites who escaped Assyria's deportations via Phoencian trade routes. Listen to his presentation: Israelite Migrations after the Fall of Samaria.

Here is some of the scriptural evidence for a surviving remnant who stayed in the Land:

2 Chronicles 30:1-6
(1)  And Hezekiah sent to all Israel and Judah, and wrote letters also to Ephraim and Manasseh, that they should come to the house of the LORD at Jerusalem, to keep the passover unto the LORD God of Israel.
(2)  For the king had taken counsel, and his princes, and all the congregation in Jerusalem, to keep the passover in the second month.
(3)  For they could not keep it at that time, because the priests had not sanctified themselves sufficiently, neither had the people gathered themselves together to Jerusalem.
(4)  And the thing pleased the king and all the congregation.
(5)  So they established a decree to make proclamation throughout all Israel, from Beersheba even to Dan, that they should come to keep the passover unto the LORD God of Israel at Jerusalem: for they had not done it of a long time in such sort as it was written.
(6)  So the posts went with the letters from the king and his princes throughout all Israel and Judah, and according to the commandment of the king, saying, Ye children of Israel, turn again unto the LORD God of Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, and he will return to the remnant of you, that are escaped out of the hand of the kings of Assyria.

2 Chronicles 31:5-6
(5)  And as soon as the commandment came abroad, the children of Israel brought in abundance the firstfruits of corn, wine, and oil, and honey, and of all the increase of the field; and the tithe of all things brought they in abundantly.
(6)  And concerning the children of Israel and Judah, that dwelt in the cities of Judah, they also brought in the tithe of oxen and sheep, and the tithe of holy things which were consecrated unto the LORD their God, and laid them by heaps.

2 Chronicles 34:5-7
(5)  And he burnt the bones of the priests upon their altars, and cleansed Judah and Jerusalem.
(6)  And so did he in the cities of Manasseh, and Ephraim, and Simeon, even unto Naphtali, with their mattocks round about.
(7)  And when he had broken down the altars and the groves, and had beaten the graven images into powder, and cut down all the idols throughout all the land of Israel, he returned to Jerusalem.

Another important fact to remember is that Jew-dah also had a portion of their population taken in the Assyrian deportations (See Sennacherib's Hexagonal Prism and compare with 2 Kings 18:13-19:37; Isaiah 36:1-37:38). So both groups have a mixture of the other present in their respective populations from the earliest of times... and both have continued mixing (even in modern times) because of Jew-dah's dispersion within populations dominated by Ephraim's fullness (Genesis 48:19). That reality can be illustrated by looking at the large presence of yHaplogroup R within the Jewish male population. See Israelite and Noahic Haplogroup Hypotheses.

Related:

• Israel and Jew-dah in Scripture (Together but Separate)
• The 10 Lost Tribes of Israel
• History and Timeline of Israel and Judah

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